Log review and management

Overview
Purpose:


 * How to detect suspicious activities as soon as possible to reduce the impact of incidence or make prevention if possible.
 * How to unify the log format and elements as well as the functions?

Role:


 * Who typically does this?

Security Administrator or independent party who has no access rights/accounts in the reviewed systems. You can't be an user administrator. At the same time, you review your activity everyday. However, if there is a resource limitation, you need another supervisor to authorize your log review.

Frequency:

It depends on the criticality (i.e. payment system, customer information, business secret, etc.) of the system labelled by the organization, logs could be reviewed ranging from minute, every day, weekly, monthly or even 3 months. In fact, log review is a kind of detective control and the preventive control is lacking. Log review will be the Goal Keeper and frequency is critical.

However, user account and authority list should be reviewed at least 3 to 6 months and never take a check ONLY when the audit cycle is coming

Log Review Tips
Critical systems require at least daily log review, however, what types of logs/activities should we pay attention to?

1. Consecutive login failure especially in non-office hour.

2. Login in non-office hour.

3. Authority change, addition and removal. Check them against with authorized application.

4. Any system administrator's activities

5. Any unknown workstation/server are plugged into the network?

6. Logs removal/log overwritten/log size is full

7. Pay more attention to the log reports after week-end and holiday

8. Any account unlocked/password reset by system administrators without authorized forms?

Log Standard
In fact, we are suffering various log format and standard from various systems even we are working in-house or act as a consultant. Why don't we produce a standard/guidelines to developer before they design the user administrative and audit trail functions to fulfill security control.

Functions:-
 * Search - By date and time, by event type, by criticality, by account/user ID, by department


 * Sorting - By date and time, by event type, by criticality, by account/user ID, by department


 * Paging (Optional)


 * Critical event is marked by "*"


 * Log archive and export


 * Log code and description table


 * Highlighting system and user adminsitrator activities

Mandatory Fields:-
 * User ID and Name (Sometimes, event may involve the action from administrator)


 * Activity Date/Timestamp


 * Activity Code, Type and Description


 * Terminal IP address and Location

User Account List:-
 * User Info - Name, Department, Role


 * Last Accessed Time


 * Account Creation Date/Time


 * Current Authority and Role


 * Account authority and information change history


 * Show expired and inactive accounts (for example: 90 days)

Logging Tools
Resources from Syslog.org http://www.syslog.org/wiki/Main/EventNotification http://www.syslog.org/wiki/Main/SyslogClients http://www.syslog.org/wiki/Main/SyslogdReplacements http://www.syslog.org/wiki/Main/EventViewers http://www.syslog.org/wiki/Main/LogAnalyzers http://www.syslog.org/wiki/Main/EventCorrelation http://www.syslog.org/wiki/Main/Windows http://www.syslog.org/wiki/Main/MiscLogTools
 * Event Notification
 * Syslog Clients
 * Syslogd Replacements
 * Event Viewers
 * Log Analyzers
 * Event Correlation
 * Windows
 * Misc Log Tools

Best Practice and Tips from Syslog http://www.syslog.org/wiki/Main/SyslogSecurityTip http://www.syslog.org/wiki/Main/CentralSyslogTip http://www.syslog.org/wiki/Main/LoggingWindowsToSyslogServer http://www.syslog.org/wiki/Main/TroubleshootingSyslogForwarding http://www.syslog.org/wiki/Main/SyslogBestPractices http://www.hccfl.edu/pollock/AUnix2/Logging.htm
 * Syslog Security Tip
 * Central Syslog Tip
 * Logging Windows To Syslog Server
 * Logging Troubleshoot
 * Syslog Best Practices
 * Logging, Log File Rotation, and Syslog Tutorial