Unchecked array indexing

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Vulnerabilities Table of Contents

Description
Unchecked array indexing occurs when an unchecked value is used as an index into a buffer.

Consequences


 * Availability: Unchecked array indexing will very likely result in the corruption of relevant memory and perhaps instructions, leading to a crash, if the values are outside of the valid memory area
 * Integrity: If the memory corrupted is data, rather than instructions, the system will continue to function with improper values.
 * Access Control: If the memory corrupted memory can be effectively controlled, it may be possible to execute arbitrary code, as with a standard buffer overflow.

Exposure period


 * Requirements specification: The choice could be made to use a language that is not susceptible to these issues.
 * Implementation: Many logic errors can lead to this condition. It can be exacerbated by lack of or misuse of mitigating technologies.

Platform


 * Languages: C, C++, Assembly
 * Operating Platforms: All

Required resources

Any

Severity

Medium

Likelihood of exploit

Medium

Unchecked array indexing, depending on its instantiation, can be responsible for any number of related issues. Most prominent of these possible flaws is the buffer overflow condition. Due to this fact, consequences range from denial of service, and data corruption, to full blown arbitrary code execution

The most common condition situation leading to unchecked array indexing is the use of loop index variables as buffer indexes. If the end condition for the loop is subject to a flaw, the index can grow or shrink unbounded, therefore causing a buffer overflow or underflow. Another common situation leading to this condition is the use of a function's return value, or the resulting value of a calculation directly as an index in to a buffer.

Risk Factors
TBD

Examples
TBD

Related Attacks

 * Attack 1
 * Attack 2

Related Vulnerabilities

 * Buffer Overflow (and related issues)
 * Buffer Underwrite
 * Signed-to-Unsigned Conversion Error
 * Write-What-Where

Related Controls

 * Requirements specification: The choice could be made to use a language that is not susceptible to these issues.
 * Implementation: Include sanity checks to ensure the validity of any values used as index variables. In loops, use greater-than-or-equal-to, or less-than-or-equal-to, as opposed to simply greater-than, or less-than compare statements.

Related Technical Impacts

 * Technical Impact 1
 * Technical Impact 2